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From THE DEVIL'S DICTIONARY ((C)1911 Released April 15 1993) : [ devils ]
BOTANY, n. The science of vegetables -- those that are not good to eat, as well as those that are. It deals largely with their flowers, which are commonly badly designed, inartistic in color, and ill- smelling.From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 : [ gcide ]
Natural \Nat"u*ral\ (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr.
L. naturalis, fr. natura. See Nature.]
1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the
constitution of a thing; belonging to native character;
according to nature; essential; characteristic; innate;
not artificial, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as,
the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural
motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or
disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color.
[1913 Webster]
With strong natural sense, and rare force of will.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature;
consonant to the methods of nature; according to the
stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws
which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or
violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural
consequence of crime; a natural death; anger is a natural
response to insult.
[1913 Webster]
What can be more natural than the circumstances in
the behavior of those women who had lost their
husbands on this fatal day? --Addison.
[1913 Webster]
3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with,
or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and
mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or
experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural
science; history, theology.
[1913 Webster]
I call that natural religion which men might know .
. . by the mere principles of reason, improved by
consideration and experience, without the help of
revelation. --Bp. Wilkins.
[1913 Webster]
4. Conformed to truth or reality; as:
(a) Springing from true sentiment; not artificial or
exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a
natural gesture, tone, etc.
(b) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature;
according to the life; -- said of anything copied or
imitated; as, a portrait is natural.
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5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to
one's position; not unnatural in feelings.
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To leave his wife, to leave his babes, . . .
He wants the natural touch. --Shak.
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6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. especially,
Related by birth rather than by adoption; as, one's
natural mother. ``Natural friends.'' --J. H. Newman.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
7. Hence: Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of
wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.
[1913 Webster]
8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as
contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which
is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate.
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The natural man receiveth not the things of the
Spirit of God. --1 Cor. ii.
14.
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9. (Math.) Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some
system, in which the base is 1; -- said of certain
functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those
commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken
in arcs whose radii are 1.
[1913 Webster]
10. (Mus.)
(a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human
throat, in distinction from instrumental music.
(b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat
nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major.
(c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which
moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but
little from the original key.
(d) Neither flat nor sharp; -- of a tone.
(e) Changed to the pitch which is neither flat nor sharp,
by appending the sign [natural]; as, A natural.
--Moore (Encyc. of Music).
[1913 Webster +PJC]
11. Existing in nature or created by the forces of nature, in
contrast to production by man; not made, manufactured, or
processed by humans; as, a natural ruby; a natural
bridge; natural fibers; a deposit of natural calcium
sulfate. Opposed to artificial, man-made,
manufactured, processed and synthetic. [WordNet
sense 2]
[PJC]
12. Hence: Not processed or refined; in the same statre as
that existing in nature; as, natural wood; natural foods.
[PJC]
Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas.
etc.
Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common
chord.
Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or
description of nature as a whole, including the sciences
of botany, zo["o]logy, geology, mineralogy,
paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent
usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of
botany and zo["o]logy collectively, and sometimes to the
science of zoology alone.
Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right
and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished
from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated
human law.
Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its
relative keys.
Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order.
Natural person. (Law) See under person, n.
Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in
general; the natural sciences; in modern usage, that
branch of physical science, commonly called physics,
which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and
considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by
any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with
mental philosophy and moral philosophy.
Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without
flats or sharps.
Note: Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to
mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales
represented by the use of flats and sharps) being
equally natural with the so-called natural scale.
Natural science, the study of objects and phenomena
existing in nature, especially biology, chemistry, physics
and their interdisciplinary related sciences; natural
history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in
contradistinction to social science, mathematics,
philosophy, mental science or moral science.
Natural selection (Biol.), the operation of natural laws
analogous, in their operation and results, to designed
selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in
the survival of the fittest; the elimination over time of
species unable to compete in specific environments with
other species more adapted to survival; -- the essential
mechanism of evolution. The principle of natural selection
is neutral with respect to the mechanism by which
inheritable changes occur in organisms (most commonly
thought to be due to mutation of genes and reorganization
of genomes), but proposes that those forms which have
become so modified as to be better adapted to the existing
environment have tended to survive and leave similarly
adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted
have tended to die out through lack of fitness for the
environment, thus resulting in the survival of the
fittest. See Darwinism.
Natural system (Bot. & Zo["o]l.), a classification based
upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all
parts of the organisms, and by their embryology.
It should be borne in mind that the natural system
of botany is natural only in the constitution of its
genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand
divisions. --Gray.
Natural theology, or Natural religion, that part of
theological science which treats of those evidences of the
existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are
exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed
religion. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3.
Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir,
her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest
open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel,
under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, [sect] 17.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Syn: See Native.
[1913 Webster]
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 : [ gcide ]
Botany \Bot"a*ny\, n.; pl. Botanies. [F. botanique, a. & n.,
fr. Gr. ? botanic, fr. ? herb, plant, fr. ? to feed, graze.]
1. The science which treats of the structure of plants, the
functions of their parts, their places of growth, their
classification, and the terms which are employed in their
description and denomination. See Plant.
[1913 Webster]
2. A book which treats of the science of botany.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Botany is divided into various departments; as,
Structural Botany, which investigates the structure and
organic composition of plants;
Physiological Botany, the study of their functions and
life; and
Systematic Botany, which has to do with their
classification, description, nomenclature, etc.
[1913 Webster]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) : [ web1913 ]
10. (Mus.)
(a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human
throat, in distinction from instrumental music.
(b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat
nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major.
(c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which
moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but
little from the original key. --Moore (Encyc. of
Music).
Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. --Chaucer.
Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas.
etc.
Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common
chord.
Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or
description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of
botany, zo["o]logy, geology, mineralogy,
paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent
usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of
botany and zo["o]logy collectively, and sometimes to the
science of zoology alone.
Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right
and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished
from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated
human law.
Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its
relative keys.
Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order.
Natural person. (Law) See under person, n.
Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in
general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science,
commonly called physics, which treats of the phenomena
and laws of matter and considers those effects only which
are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; --
contrasted with mental and moral philosophy.
Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without
flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less
likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales
represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally
natural with the so-called natural scale
Natural science, natural history, in its broadest sense; --
used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral
science.
Natural selection (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural
laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed
selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in
the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural
selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly
by gradual changes of environment which have led to
corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms
which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the
changed environment have tended to survive and leave
similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly
adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for
the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the
fittest. See Darwinism.
Natural system (Bot. & Zo["o]l.), a classification based
upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all
parts of the organisms, and by their embryology.
It should be borne in mind that the natural system
of botany is natural only in the constitution of its
genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand
divisions. --Gray.
Natural theology, or Natural religion, that part of
theological science which treats of those evidences of the
existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are
exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed
religion. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3.
Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir,
her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest
open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel,
under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, [sect] 17.
Syn: See Native.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) : [ web1913 ]
Botany \Bot"a*ny\, n.; pl. Botanies. [F. botanique, a. & n.,
fr. Gr. ? botanic, fr. ? herb, plant, fr. ? to feed, graze.]
1. The science which treats of the structure of plants, the
functions of their parts, their places of growth, their
classification, and the terms which are employed in their
description and denomination. See Plant.
2. A book which treats of the science of botany.
Note: Botany is divided into various departments; as,
Structural Botany, which investigates the structure and
organic composition of plants;
Physiological Botany, the study of their functions and
life; and
Systematic Botany, which has to do with their
classification, description, nomenclature, etc.
From WordNet (r) 2.0 : [ wn ]
botany
n : the branch of biology that studies plants [syn: phytology]
From Greek Wiktionary: All languages (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-el-ALL-2023-07-27 ]
botany
Αγγλικά n.
η βοτανική (κλάδος της βιολογίας)
From English Wiktionary: All languages (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-ALL-2023-07-27 ]
botany
n.
1 (lb en uncountable) The scientific study of plants, a branch of
biology. Typically those disciplines that involve the whole plant.
2 The plant life of a geographical area; flora.
3 The properties and life phenomena exhibited by a plant, plant type,
or plant group.
4 (lb en countable) A botanical treatise or study, especially of a
particular system of botany or that of a particular place.
From English Wiktionary: English language only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-en-2023-07-27 ]
botany
n.
1 (lb en uncountable) The scientific study of plants, a branch of
biology. Typically those disciplines that involve the whole plant.
2 The plant life of a geographical area; flora.
3 The properties and life phenomena exhibited by a plant, plant type,
or plant group.
4 (lb en countable) A botanical treatise or study, especially of a
particular system of botany or that of a particular place.
From English Wiktionary: Western, Greek, and Slavonic languages only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-Western_Greek_Slavonic-2023-07-27 ]
botany
n.
1 (lb en uncountable) The scientific study of plants, a branch of
biology. Typically those disciplines that involve the whole plant.
2 The plant life of a geographical area; flora.
3 The properties and life phenomena exhibited by a plant, plant type,
or plant group.
4 (lb en countable) A botanical treatise or study, especially of a
particular system of botany or that of a particular place.
From English Wiktionary: Western languages only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-Western-2023-07-27 ]
botany
n.
1 (lb en uncountable) The scientific study of plants, a branch of
biology. Typically those disciplines that involve the whole plant.
2 The plant life of a geographical area; flora.
3 The properties and life phenomena exhibited by a plant, plant type,
or plant group.
4 (lb en countable) A botanical treatise or study, especially of a
particular system of botany or that of a particular place.
From Finnish Wiktionary: All languages (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-fi-ALL-2023-07-27 ]
botany
Englanti n.
kasvitiede
From English-Arabic FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.6.3 : [ freedict:eng-ara ]Botany /bˈɒtəni/ 1. علم النّبات 2. الحياة النباتيةFrom English-български език FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-bul ]
botany //-nɪ// //ˈbɑt.ni// //ˈbɑt.ə.ni// //ˈbɒt.ni// //ˈbɒt.ə.ni//From English-Czech dicts.info/FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.1.3 : [ freedict:eng-ces ]бота́ника scientific study of plants
botany /bˈɒtəni/From English - German Ding/FreeDict dictionary ver. 1.9-fd1 : [ freedict:eng-deu ]botanika
botany /bˈɒtəni/ PflanzenkundeFrom English-suomi FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-fin ], Pflanzenlehre , Botanik [bot.] Synonym: study of plants
botany //-nɪ// //ˈbɑt.ni// //ˈbɑt.ə.ni// //ˈbɒt.ni// //ˈbɒt.ə.ni//From English-Hindi FreeDict Dictionary ver. 1.6 : [ freedict:eng-hin ]1. kasvitieteellinen artikkeli, kasvitieteellinen tutkimus botanical treatise or study 2. kasvillisuus, kasvisto plant life of an area 3. kasvibiologia properties and life phenomena of plants 4. kasvitiede scientific study of plants
botany /bˈɒtəni/From English-Croatian FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.2.2 : [ freedict:eng-hrv ]1. वनस्पतिशास्त्र "He is an expert in Botany."
botany /bˈɒtəni/ botanikaFrom English-Hungarian FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.2.1 : [ freedict:eng-hun ]
botany /bˈɒtəni/ 1. botanika 2. növénytanFrom English-Bahasa Indonesia FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-ind ]
botany //-nɪ// //ˈbɑt.ni// //ˈbɑt.ə.ni// //ˈbɒt.ni// //ˈbɒt.ə.ni//From English-日本語 (にほんご) FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-jpn ]ilmu tumbuh-tumbuhan scientific study of plants
botany //-nɪ// //ˈbɑt.ni// //ˈbɑt.ə.ni// //ˈbɒt.ni// //ˈbɒt.ə.ni//From English - Polish Piotrowski+Saloni/FreeDict dictionary ver. 0.2 : [ freedict:eng-pol ]1. 植物生態 properties and life phenomena of plants 2. 植物学 scientific study of plants
botany /ˈbɒtənɪ/From English-Portuguese FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.3 : [ freedict:eng-por ]botanika
botany /bɔtəniː/ botânicaFrom English-Russian FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.3.1 : [ freedict:eng-rus ]
botany /bɔtəniː/ ботаникаFrom English-Svenska FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-swe ]
botany //-nɪ// //ˈbɑt.ni// //ˈbɑt.ə.ni// //ˈbɒt.ni// //ˈbɒt.ə.ni//From English-Turkish FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.3 : [ freedict:eng-tur ]1. flora, lärobok i botanik botanical treatise or study 2. växtbiologi properties and life phenomena of plants 3. botanik, växtlära scientific study of plants
botany /bˈɒtəni/ 1. botanik bitkibilimi.From IPA:en_US : [ IPA:en_US ]
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 : [ moby-thesaurus ]/ˈbɑtəni/
84 Moby Thesaurus words for "botany":
aerobiology, agrobiology, amnion, anatomy, astrobiology,
bacteriology, biochemics, biochemistry, biochemy, bioecology,
biological science, biology, biometrics, biometry, bionics,
bionomics, biophysics, bladder, bleb, blister, boll, calyx,
capsule, cell, cell physiology, cryobiology, cybernetics, cyst,
cytology, ecology, electrobiology, embryology, enzymology,
ethnobiology, exobiology, fistula, flora, flowerage, follicle,
gallbladder, genetics, gnotobiotics, greenery, greens, herbage,
legume, life science, loculus, marsupium, microbiology,
molecular biology, pericarp, pharmacology, physiology,
plant kingdom, plant life, plants, pocket, pod, radiobiology, sac,
saccule, sacculus, saccus, scrotum, seedcase, silique, sinus,
sound, stomach, taxonomy, udder, vasculum, vegetable kingdom,
vegetable life, vegetation, vegetation spirit, ventricle, verdure,
vesica, vesicle, virology, xenobiology, zoology
From Stardic English-Chinese Dictionary : [ stardic ]n. 植物学;From XDICT the English-Chinese dictionary : [ xdict ]
n. 植物学