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  Multics
       
           /muhl'tiks/ MULTiplexed Information and
          Computing Service.  A time-sharing operating system
          co-designed by a consortium including MIT, GE and Bell
          Laboratories as a successor to MIT's CTSS.  The system
          design was presented in a special session of the 1965 Fall
          Joint Computer Conference and was planned to be operational in
          two years.  It was finally made available in 1969, and took
          several more years to achieve respectable performance and
          stability.
       
          Multics was very innovative for its time - among other things,
          it was the first major OS to run on a symmetric
          multiprocessor; provided a hierarchical file system with
          access control on individual files; mapped files into a
          paged, segmented virtual memory; was written in a
          high-level+language+({PL/I" rel="nofollow">high-level language ({PL/I); and provided dynamic
          inter-procedure linkage and memory (file) sharing as the
          default mode of operation.  Multics was the only
          general-purpose system to be awarded a B2 security rating by
          the NSA.
       
          Bell Labs left the development effort in 1969.  Honeywell
          commercialised Multics in 1972 after buying out GE's computer
          group, but it was never very successful: at its peak in the
          1980s, there were between 75 and 100 Multics sites, each a
          multi-million dollar mainframe.
       
          One of the former Multics developers from Bell Labs was Ken
          Thompson, a circumstance which led directly to the birth of
          Unix.  For this and other reasons, aspects of the Multics
          design remain a topic of occasional debate among hackers.  See
          also brain-damaged and GCOS.
       
          MIT ended its development association with Multics in 1977.
          Honeywell sold its computer business to Bull in the mid
          1980s, and development on Multics was stopped in 1988 when
          Bull scrapped a Boston proposal to port Multics to a
          platform derived from the DPS-6.
       
          A few Multics sites are still in use as late as 1996.
       
          The last Multics system running, the Canadian Department of
          National Defence Multics site in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,
          shut down on 2000-10-30 at 17:08 UTC.
       
          The Jargon file 3.0.0 claims that on some versions of
          Multics one was required to enter a password to log out but
          James J. Lippard , who was a Multics
          developer in Phoenix, believes this to be an urban legend.
          He never heard of a version of Multics which required a
          password to logout.  Tom Van Vleck 
          agrees.  He suggests that some user may have implemented a
          'terminal locking' program that required a password before one
          could type anything, including logout.
       
          http://www.multicians.org/)" rel="nofollow">Home (http://www.multicians.org/).
       
          Usenet newsgroup: news:alt.os.multics.
       
          [{Jargon File]
       
          (2002-04-12)
       
       

  Multics /muhl'tiks/ n. [from "MULTiplexed Information and Computing
     Service"] An early time-sharing operating system co-designed by a
     consortium including MIT, GE, and Bell Laboratories as a successor to
     CTSS. The design was first presented in 1965, planned for operation in
     1967, first operational in 1969, and took several more years to achieve
     respectable performance and stability.
  
     Multics was very innovative for its time -- among other things, it
     provided a hierarchical file system with access control on individual
     files and introduced the idea of treating all devices uniformly as
     special files. It was also the first OS to run on a symmetric
     multiprocessor, and the only general-purpose system to be awarded a B2
     security rating by the NSA (see Orange Book).
  
     Bell Labs left the development effort in 1969 after judging that
     second-system effect had bloated Multics to the point of practical
     unusability. Honeywell commercialized Multics in 1972 after buying out
     GE's computer group, but it was never very successful: at its peak in
     the 1980s, there were between 75 and 100 Multics sites, each a
     multi-million dollar mainframe.
  
     One of the former Multics developers from Bell Labs was Ken Thompson,
     and Unix deliberately carried through and extended many of Multics'
     design ideas; indeed, Thompson described the very name `Unix' as `a weak
     pun on Multics'. For this and other reasons, aspects of the Multics
     design remain a topic of occasional debate among hackers. See also
     brain-damaged and GCOS.
  
     MIT ended its development association with Multics in 1977. Honeywell
     sold its computer business to Bull in the mid 80s, and development on
     Multics was stopped in 1988. Four Multics sites were known to be still
     in use as late as 1998, but the last one (a Canadian military site) was
     decomissioned in November 2000. There is a Multics page at
     `http://www.stratus.com/pub/vos/multics/tvv/multics.html'.
  
  

  MULTICS
       MULTiplexed Information and Computing Service (OS)
       
       

  Multics
     n.
     (lb en computing) An influential early time-sharing operating
  system.

  Multics
     n.
     (lb en computing) An influential early time-sharing operating
  system.

  Multics
     n.
     (lb en computing) An influential early time-sharing operating
  system.

  Multics
     n.
     (lb en computing) An influential early time-sharing operating
  system.

  Multics /mˈʌltiks/
  مالتيكس - نظام تشغيل مشاركة

  MULTICS
     MULTICS操作系统