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52 definitions found
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.44 : [ gcide ]
Byelorussia \Byelorussia\ n.
a European country east of Poland, formerly a part of the
Soviet Union. After the breakup of the Soviet Union the name
was changed to Belarus.
Syn: Belarus, Belorussia, White Russia.
[WordNet 1.5]
From WordNet (r) 2.0 : [ wn ]
Belarus
n : a landlocked republic in eastern Europe; formerly a European
soviet [syn: Republic of Belarus, Byelarus, Byelorussia,
Belorussia, White Russia]
From CIA World Factbook 2002 : [ world02 ]
Belarus
Introduction Belarus
--------------------
Background: After seven decades as a constituent
republic of the USSR, Belarus
attained its independence in 1991.
It has retained closer political and
economic ties to Russia than any of
the other former Soviet republics.
Belarus and Russia signed a treaty
on a two-state union on 8 December
1999 envisioning greater political
and economic integration; Belarus
has agreed on the framework for
implementation of the accord.
Geography Belarus
-----------------
Location: Eastern Europe, east of Poland
Geographic coordinates: 53 00 N, 28 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 207,600 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 207,600 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Kansas
Land boundaries: total: 2,900 km
border countries: Latvia 141 km,
Lithuania 502 km, Poland 407 km,
Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: cold winters, cool and moist
summers; transitional between
continental and maritime
Terrain: generally flat and contains much
marshland
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Nyoman River 90 m
highest point: Dzyarzhynskaya Hara
346 m
Natural resources: forests, peat deposits, small
quantities of oil and natural gas,
granite, dolomitic limestone, marl,
chalk, sand, gravel, clay
Land use: arable land: 29.76%
permanent crops: 0.69%
other: 69.54% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 1,150 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: soil pollution from pesticide use;
southern part of the country
contaminated with fallout from 1986
nuclear reactor accident at
Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine
Environment - international party to: Air Pollution, Air
agreements: Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulphur 85, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the
Sea
Geography - note: landlocked; glacial scouring
accounts for the flatness of
Belarusian terrain and for its
11,000 lakes; the country is
geologically well endowed with
extensive deposits of granite,
dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk,
sand, gravel, and clay
People Belarus
--------------
Population: 10,335,382 (July 2002 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 17.3% (male 914,579;
female 876,346)
15-64 years: 68.6% (male 3,443,859;
female 3,643,628)
65 years and over: 14.1% (male
482,624; female 974,346) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate: -0.14% (2002 est.)
Birth rate: 9.86 births/1,000 population (2002
est.)
Death rate: 13.99 deaths/1,000 population (2002
est.)
Net migration rate: 2.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2002 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.5 male(s)/
female
total population: 0.88 male(s)/
female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 14.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.28 years
female: 74.56 years (2002 est.)
male: 62.3 years
Total fertility rate: 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.28% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 14,000 (1999 est.)
AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 400 (1999 est.)
Nationality: noun: Belarusian(s)
adjective: Belarusian
Ethnic groups: Belarusian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%,
Polish, Ukrainian, and other 7.4%
Religions: Eastern Orthodox 80%, other
(including Roman Catholic,
Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20%
(1997 est.)
Languages: Belarusian, Russian, other
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
and write
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 97% (1989 est.)
Government Belarus
------------------
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
Belarus
conventional short form: Belarus
local short form: none
former: Belorussian (Byelorussian)
Soviet Socialist Republic
local long form: Respublika
Byelarus'
Government type: republic
Capital: Minsk
Administrative divisions: 6 voblastsi (singular - voblasts')
and one municipality* (harady,
singular - horad); Brestskaya
(Brest), Homyel'skaya (Homyel'),
Horad Minsk*, Hrodzyenskaya
(Hrodna), Mahilyowskaya (Mahilyow),
Minskaya, Vitsyebskaya (Vitsyebsk);
note - when using a place name with
the adjectival ending 'skaya' the
word voblasts' should be added to
the place name
note: voblasti have the
administrative center name following
in parentheses
Independence: 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday: Independence Day, 3 July (1944);
note - 3 July 1944 was the date
Minsk was liberated from German
troops, 25 August 1991 was the date
of independence from the Soviet
Union
Constitution: 30 March 1994; revised by national
referendum of 24 November 1996
giving the presidency greatly
expanded powers and became effective
27 November 1996
Legal system: based on civil law system
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Aleksandr
LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister
Gennadiy NOVITSKIY (since 1 October
2001); Deputy Prime Ministers Andrei
KOBYAKOV (since 13 March 2000),
Aleksandr POPKOV (since 10 November
1998), Sergei SIDORSKY (since NA
September 2001), Vladimir DRAZHIN
(since NA September 2001)
cabinet: Council of Ministers
election results: Aleksandr
LUKASHENKO reelected president;
percent of vote - Aleksandr
LUKASHENKO 75.6%, Vladimir GONCHARIK
15.4%
elections: president elected by
popular vote for a five-year term;
first election took place 23 June
and 10 July 1994; according to the
1994 constitution, the next election
should have been held in 1999,
however LUKASHENKO extended his term
to 2001 via a November 1996
referendum; new election held 9
September 2001 (next election to be
held by September 2006); prime
minister and deputy prime ministers
appointed by the president
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or
Natsionalnoye Sobranie consists of
the Council of the Republic or
Soviet Respubliki (64 seats; 56
members elected by regional councils
and 8 members appointed by the
president, all for 4-year terms) and
the Chamber of Representatives or
Palata Pretsaviteley (110 seats;
members elected by universal adult
suffrage to serve 4-year terms)
election results: party affiliation
data unavailable; under present
political conditions party
designations are meaningless
elections: last held October 2000
(next to be held NA 2004)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are appointed
by the president); Constitutional
Court (half of the judges appointed
by the president and half appointed
by the Chamber of Representatives)
Political parties and leaders: Agrarian Party or AP [Semyon
SHARETSKY, chairman]; Belarusian
Communist Party or KPB [Viktor
CHIKIN, chairman]; Belarusian
Ecological Green Party (merger of
Belarusian Ecological Party and
Green Party of Belarus) [leader NA];
Belarusian Patriotic Movement
(Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR
[Anatoliy BARANKEVICH, chairman];
Belarusian Popular Front or BNF
[Vintsuk VYACHORKA]; Belarusian
Social-Democrat Party or SDBP
[Nikolay STATKEVICH, chairman];
Belarusian Social-Democratic Party
or Hromada [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH,
chairman]; Belarusian Socialist
Party [Vyacheslav KUZNETSOV]; Civic
Accord Bloc (United Civic Party) or
CAB [Stanislav BOGDANKEVICH,
chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party
or LDPB [Sergei GAYDUKEVICH,
chairman]; Party of Communists
Belarusian or PKB [Sergei KALYAKIN,
chairman]; Republican Party of Labor
and Justice or RPPS [Anatoliy
NETYLKIN, chairman]; Social-Democrat
Party of Popular Accord or PPA
[Leanid SECHKA]; Women's Party or
"Nadezhda" [Valentina POLEVIKOVA,
chairperson]
Political pressure groups and NA
leaders:
International organization CCC, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE,
participation: IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM
(observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, NSG,
OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTrO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Valeriy
V. TSEPAKLO
chancery: 1619 New Hampshire Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20009
consulate(s) general: New York
FAX: [1] (202) 986-1805
telephone: [1] (202) 986-1604
Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Michael
US: KOZAK
embassy: 46 Starovilenskaya St.,
Minsk 220002
mailing address: use embassy street
address
telephone: [375] (17) 210-12-83
FAX: [375] (17) 234-7853
Flag description: red horizontal band (top) and green
horizontal band one-half the width
of the red band; a white vertical
stripe on the hoist side bears the
Belarusian national ornament in red
Economy Belarus
---------------
Economy - overview: Belarus has seen little structural
reform since 1995, when President
LUKASHENKO launched the country on
the path of "market socialism." In
keeping with this policy, LUKASHENKO
reimposed administrative controls
over prices and currency exchange
rates and expanded the state's right
to intervene in the management of
private enterprise. In addition to
the burdens imposed by high
inflation and persistent trade
deficits, businesses have been
subject to pressure on the part of
central and local governments, e.g.,
arbitrary changes in regulations,
numerous rigorous inspections,
retroactive application of new
business regulations, and arrests of
"disruptive" businessmen and factory
owners. Close relations with Russia,
possibly leading to reunion, color
the pattern of economic
developments. For the time being,
Belarus remains self-isolated from
the West and its open-market
economies.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $84.8
billion (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 4.1% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $8,200
(2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 13%
industry: 42%
services: 45% (2000)
Population below poverty line: 22% (1995 est.)
Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 5.1%
percentage share: highest 10%: 20% (1998)
Distribution of family income - Gini 21.7 (1998)
index:
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 46.1% (2001 est.)
Labor force: 4.8 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation: industry and construction NA%,
agriculture and forestry NA%,
services NA%
Unemployment rate: 2.1% officially registered
unemployed (December 2000); large
number of underemployed workers
Budget: revenues: $4 billion
expenditures: $4.1 billion,
including capital expenditures of
$180 million (1997 est.)
Industries: metal-cutting machine tools,
tractors, trucks, earthmovers,
motorcycles, television sets,
chemical fibers, fertilizer,
textiles, radios, refrigerators
Industrial production growth rate: 5.4% (2001 est.)
Electricity - production: 24.66 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 99.51%
hydro: 0.08%
other: 0.41% (2000)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption: 26.78 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports: 300 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports: 4.15 billion kWh (2000)
Agriculture - products: grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar
beets, flax; beef, milk
Exports: $7.5 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
Exports - commodities: machinery and equipment, mineral
products, chemicals, textiles,
foodstuffs, metals
Exports - partners: Russia 51%, Ukraine 8%, Poland 4%,
Germany 3% (2000)
Imports: $8.1 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
Imports - commodities: mineral products, machinery and
equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs,
metals
Imports - partners: Russia 65%, Germany 7%, Poland 3%
(2000)
Debt - external: $770 million (2001 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: $194.3 million (1995)
Currency: Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)
Currency code: BYB/BYR
Exchange rates: Belarusian rubles per US dollar -
1,590 (yearend 2001), 1,531.000
(November 2001), 876.750 (2000),
248.795 (1999), 46.127 (1998),
26.020 (1997); note - on 1 January
2000, the national currency was
redenominated at one new ruble to
2,000 old rubles
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications Belarus
----------------------
Telephones - main lines in use: 2.313 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 8,167 (1997)
Telephone system: general assessment: the Ministry of
Telecommunications controls all
telecommunications through its
carrier (a joint stock company)
Beltelcom which is a monopoly
domestic: local - Minsk has a
digital metropolitan network and a
cellular NMT-450 network; waiting
lists for telephones are long; local
service outside Minsk is neglected
and poor; intercity - Belarus has a
partly developed fiber-optic
backbone system presently serving at
least 13 major cities (1998);
Belarus's fiber optics form
synchronous digital hierarchy rings
through other countries' systems; an
inadequate analog system remains
operational
international: Belarus is a member
of the Trans-European Line (TEL),
Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic
line, and has access to the Trans-
Siberia Line (TSL); three fiber-
optic segments provide connectivity
to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and
Ukraine; worldwide service is
available to Belarus through this
infrastructure; additional analog
lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat,
and Intersputnik earth stations
Radio broadcast stations: AM 28, FM 37, shortwave 11 (1998)
Radios: 3.02 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 47 (plus 27 repeaters) (1995)
Televisions: 2.52 million (1997)
Internet country code: .by
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 23 (2002)
Internet users: 180,000 (2001)
Transportation Belarus
----------------------
Railways: total: 5,523 km
broad gauge: 5,523 km 1.520-m gauge
(875 km electrified) (2000 est.)
Highways: total: 98,200 km
paved: 66,100 km (includes some all-
weather gravel-surfaced roads)
unpaved: 32,100 km (these roads are
made of unstabilized earth and are
difficult to negotiate in wet
weather) (1990)
Waterways: NA km; note - Belarus has extensive
and widely used canal and river
systems
Pipelines: crude oil 1,470 km; refined products
1,100 km; natural gas 1,980 km
(1992)
Ports and harbors: Mazyr
Airports: 136 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 33
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 19
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 11 (2001)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 103
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 11
914 to 1,523 m: 14
under 914 m: 65 (2001)
Military Belarus
----------------
Military branches: Army, Air Force (including air
defense), Interior Ministry Troops,
Border Guards
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,744,267 (2002
est.)
Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 2,149,873 (2002
service: est.)
Military manpower - reaching military males: 86,396 (2002 est.)
age annually:
Military expenditures - dollar $156 million (FY98)
figure:
Military expenditures - percent of 1% (FY01)
GDP:
Transnational Issues Belarus
----------------------------
Disputes - international: boundary demarcation with Latvia and
Lithuania is pending European Union
funding
Illicit drugs: limited cultivation of opium poppy
and cannabis, mostly for the
domestic market; transshipment point
for illicit drugs to and via Russia,
and to the Baltics and Western
Europe
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) : [ world95 ]
Belarus
Belarus:Geography
Location: Eastern Europe, east of Poland
Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - European States
Area:
total area: 207,600 sq km
land area: 207,600 sq km
comparative area: slightly smaller than Kansas
Land boundaries: total 3,098 km, Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km,
Poland 605 km, Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
International disputes: none
Climate: cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between
continental and maritime
Terrain: generally flat and contains much marshland
Natural resources: forest land, peat deposits, small quantities of oil
and natural gas
Land use:
arable land: 29%
permanent crops: 1%
meadows and pastures: 15%
forest and woodland: 0%
other: 55%
Irrigated land: 1,490 sq km (1990)
Environment:
current issues: soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of
the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor
accident at Chornobyl'
natural hazards: NA
international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air
Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Biodiversity,
Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Law of
the Sea
Note: landlocked
Belarus:People
Population: 10,437,418 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 22% (female 1,126,062; male 1,166,439)
15-64 years: 65% (female 3,494,891; male 3,293,196)
65 years and over: 13% (female 913,508; male 443,322) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.3% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 12.98 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 11.23 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 18.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 71.03 years
male: 66.36 years
female: 75.93 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.87 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Belarusian(s)
adjective: Belarusian
Ethnic divisions: Byelorussian 77.9%, Russian 13.2%, Polish 4.1%,
Ukrainian 2.9%, other 1.9%
Religions: Eastern Orthodox, other
Languages: Byelorussian, Russian, other
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989)
total population: 97%
male: 99%
female: 96%
Labor force: 4.887 million
by occupation: industry and construction 40%, agriculture and forestry
21%, other 39% (1992)
Belarus:Government
Names:
conventional long form: Republic of Belarus
conventional short form: Belarus
local long form: Respublika Byelarus'
local short form: none
former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph: BO
Type: republic
Capital: Minsk
Administrative divisions: 6 voblastsi (singular - voblasts') and one
municipality* (harady, singular - horad); Brestskaya (Brest),
Homyel'skaya (Homyel'), Horad Minsk*, Hrodzyenskaya (Hrodna),
Mahilyowskaya (Mahilyow), Minskaya, Vitsyebskaya (Vitsyebsk)
note: the administrative centers of the voblastsi are included in
parentheses
Independence: 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday: Independence Day, 27 July (1990)
Constitution: adopted 15 March 1994; replaces constitution of April
1978
Legal system: based on civil law system
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994);
election held June 24 and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
Aleksandr LUKASHENKO 80%, Vyacheslav KEBICH 14%
head of government: Prime Minister Mikhail CHIGIR (since July 1994);
Deputy Prime Ministers Vladimir GARKUN, Viktor GONCHAR, Sergey LING,
Mikhail MYASNIKOVICH, Valeriy KOKAREV (since NA)
cabinet: Council of Ministers
note: first presidential elections took place in June-July 1994
Legislative branch: unicameral
Supreme Soviet: elections last held 4 April 1990 (next to be held 14
May 1995); results - Communists 87%; seats - (360 total) number of
seats by party NA; note - 50 seats are for public bodies; the
Communist Party obtained an overwhelming majority
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: Belarusian Popular Front (BPF), Zenon
POZNYAK, chairman; Party of Popular Accord, Gennadiy KARPENKO; Union
of Belarusian Entreprenuers, V. N. KARYAGIN; Belarusian Party of
Communists, Vasiliy NOVIKOV, Viktor CHIKIN, chairmen; Belarus Peasant
Party, Yevgeniy LUGIN, chairman; Belarusian Socialist Party,
Vyacheslav KUZNETSOV, chairman; Belarusian Social Democrat Party
(SDBP), Oleg TRUSOV, Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH, chairmen; Agrarian Party
of Belarus, Aleksandr DUBKO; United Democratic Party of Belarus
(UDPB), Aleksandr DOBROVOLSKIY, chairman; Independent Trade Unions,
Sergey ANTONCHIK, chairman
Member of: CCC, CE (guest), CEI (associate members), CIS, EBRD, ECE,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, ILO, IMF, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory
user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Sergey Nikolayevich MARTYNOV
chancery: 1619 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 986-1604
FAX: [1] (202) 986-1805
consulate(s) general: New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth Spencer YALOWITZ
embassy: Starovilenskaya #46, Minsk
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [7] (0172) 34-65-37
Flag: three horizontal bands of white (top), red, and white
Economy
Overview: Belarus ranks among the most developed of the former Soviet
states, with a relatively modern - by Soviet standards - and diverse
machine building sector and a robust agriculture sector. It also
serves as a transport link for Russian oil exports to the Baltic
states and Eastern and Western Europe. The breakup of the Soviet Union
and its command economy has resulted in a sharp economic contraction
as traditional trade ties have collapsed. The Belarusian government
has lagged behind the governments of most other former Soviet states
in economic reform, with privatization almost nonexistent. The system
of state orders and distribution persists. In mid-1994, the Belarusian
government embarked on an austerity program with IMF support to slash
state credits and consumer subsidies in order to bring down the budget
deficit and reduce inflation. However, despite its promising start,
the regime's drive to reinvigorate the economy has fallen short, and
the IMF has criticized its failure to implement the reforms that the
Fund had negotiated. As a result, the IMF has suspended talks on
introducing a stand-by arrangement. Economic relations with Russia,
which will have an important bearing on the future course of the
economy, will be strengthened if Minsk adopts the necessary
legislation to implement a customs union agreed to in January 1995.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $53.4 billion (1994
estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)
National product real growth rate: -20% (1994)
National product per capita: $5,130 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 29% per month (1994)
Unemployment rate: 1.4% officially registered unemployed (December
1993); large numbers of underemployed workers
Budget:
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports: $968 million to outside of the FSU countries (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities: machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
partners: Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria
Imports: $534 million from outside the FSU countries (c.i.f., 1994)
commodities: fuel, natural gas, industrial raw materials, textiles,
sugar
partners: Russia, Ukraine, Poland
External debt: $1.5 billion (July 1994 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate -19% (1994); accounts for about 40%
of GDP (1992)
Electricity:
capacity: 7,010,000 kW
production: 31.4 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 3,010 kWh (1994)
Industries: employ about 40% of labor force and produced a wide
variety of products including (in percent share of total output of
former Soviet Union): tractors (12%); metal-cutting machine tools
(11%); off-highway dump trucks up to 110-metric-ton load capacity
(100%); wheel-type earthmovers for construction and mining (100%);
eight-wheel-drive, high-flotation trucks with cargo capacity of 25
metric tons for use in tundra and roadless areas (100%); equipment for
animal husbandry and livestock feeding (25%); motorcycles (21.3%);
television sets (11%); chemical fibers (28%); fertilizer (18%); linen
fabric (11%); wool fabric (7%); radios; refrigerators; and other
consumer goods
Agriculture: accounts for almost 25% of GDP and 5.7% of total
agricultural output of former Soviet Union; employs 21% of the labor
force; in 1988 produced the following (in percent of total Soviet
production): grain (3.6%), potatoes (12.2%), vegetables (3.0%), meat
(6.0%), milk (7.0%); net exporter of meat, milk, eggs, flour, potatoes
Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis; mostly
for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to
Western Europe
Economic aid: $NA
Currency: Belarusian rubel (BR)
Exchange rates: Belarusian rubels per US$1 - 10,600 (end December
1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Belarus:Transportation
Railroads:
total: 5,570 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial
lines
broad gauge: 5,570 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)
Highways:
total: 98,200 km
paved: 66,100 km
unpaved: earth 32,100 km (1990)
Inland waterways: NA km
Pipelines: crude oil 1,470 km; refined products 1,100 km; natural gas
1,980 km (1992)
Ports: Mazyr
Merchant marine:
note: claims 5% of former Soviet fleet
Airports:
total: 118
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 18
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
with paved runways under 914 m: 11
with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 1
with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 4
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 9
with unpaved runways under 914 m: 62
Belarus:Communications
Telephone system: 1,849,000 telephones (December 1991); 18
telephones/100 persons; telephone service inadequate for the purposes
of either business or the population; about 70% of the telephones are
in homes; over 750,000 applications from households for telephones
remain unsatisfied (1992); new investment centers on international
connections and business needs; the new BelCel NMT 450 cellular system
(a joint venture) is now operating in Minsk
local: NA
intercity: NA
international: international traffic is carried by the Moscow
international gateway switch and also by 2 satellite earth stations
near Minsk - INTELSAT (through Canada) and EUTELSAT (through the UK)
Radio:
broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave 0
radios: 3.14 million (5,615,000 with multiple speaker systems for
program diffusion)
Television:
broadcast stations: NA
televisions: 3.538 million
Belarus:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Republic Security Forces
(internal and border troops)
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,550,500; males fit for
military service 1,999,138; males reach military age (18) annually
71,808 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: 56.5 billion rubles, NA% of GDP (1993 est.);
note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the
current exchange rate could produce misleading results
From Greek Wiktionary: All languages (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-el-ALL-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus
Γαλλικά n.
(''(τόπος fr χώρα Ευρώπη 0=-)'') η Λευκορωσία
Γερμανικά n.
(τόπος de χώρα Ευρώπη) η Λευκορωσία
From English Wiktionary: All languages (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-ALL-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus
Dutch n.
(l en Belarusian) (q: male or of unspecified gender)
Dutch n.
(place nl country cont/Europe t=Belarus)
German n.
(lb de officialese) (place de country r/Eastern Europe t=Belarus)
Maltese n.
(synonym of mt Belarussja): (place mt country cont/Europe t=Belarus)
Portuguese n.
(place pt country in eastern continent/Europe t1=Belarus)
Tagalog n.
(place tl country cont/Europe t=Belarus)
From English Wiktionary: All languages (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-ALL-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus'
n.
(rare form of en Belarus)
From English Wiktionary: English language only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-en-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus
n.
(senseid en Q184)(place en country cont/Europe official=Republic of
Belarus) (Belarusian: (l be Рэспу́бліка Белару́сь)).
From English Wiktionary: English language only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-en-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus'
n.
(rare form of en Belarus)
From English Wiktionary: Western, Greek, and Slavonic languages only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-Western_Greek_Slavonic-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus
German n.
(lb de officialese) (place de country r/Eastern Europe t=Belarus)
Maltese n.
(synonym of mt Belarussja): (place mt country cont/Europe t=Belarus)
Portuguese n.
(place pt country in eastern continent/Europe t1=Belarus)
Uzbek n.
(place uz country cont/Europe t=Belarus)
From English Wiktionary: Western, Greek, and Slavonic languages only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-Western_Greek_Slavonic-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus'
n.
(rare form of en Belarus)
From English Wiktionary: Western languages only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-Western-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus
German n.
(lb de officialese) (place de country r/Eastern Europe t=Belarus)
Maltese n.
(synonym of mt Belarussja): (place mt country cont/Europe t=Belarus)
Portuguese n.
(place pt country in eastern continent/Europe t1=Belarus)
From English Wiktionary: Western languages only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-en-Western-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus'
n.
(rare form of en Belarus)
From Finnish Wiktionary: All languages (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-fi-ALL-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus
Hollanti n.
Valko-Venäjä
Romania n.
Valko-Venäjä
From Swedish Wiktionary: All languages (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-sv-ALL-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus
n.
(tagg: kat=länder) stat i Europa mellan Ryssland, Ukraina, Polen,
Litauen och Lettland
From Swedish Wiktionary: Swedish language only (2023-07-27) : [ dictinfo.com:wikt-sv-sv-2023-07-27 ]
Belarus
n.
(tagg: kat=länder) stat i Europa mellan Ryssland, Ukraina, Polen,
Litauen och Lettland
From Deutsch-български език FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2020.10.04 : [ freedict:deu-bul ]
Belarus /ˈbeːlaˌʁʊs/ /ˈbɛlaˌʁʊs/
Беларус
amtlich, zwischenstaatlicher Schriftverkehr: Binnenstaat in Osteuropa
From German - English Ding/FreeDict dictionary ver. 1.9-fd1 : [ freedict:deu-eng ]
Belarus /bɛlarˈʊs/
Belarus
Synonyms: Belorussland, Weißrussland, Belorußland, Weißrußland
From Deutsch-français FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:deu-fra ]
Belarus /beːlaˈʁʊs/ /bi̯ɛlaˈʁʊs/ /bɛlaˈʁʊs/ /ˈbeːlaʁʊs/ /ˈbi̯ɛlaʁʊs/ /ˈbɛlaʁʊs/
Biélorussie, Bélarus
amtlich, zwischenstaatlicher Schriftverkehr: Binnenstaat in Osteuropa
From Deutsch-Bahasa Indonesia FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:deu-ind ]
Belarus /beːlaˈʁʊs/ /bi̯ɛlaˈʁʊs/ /bɛlaˈʁʊs/ /ˈbeːlaʁʊs/ /ˈbi̯ɛlaʁʊs/ /ˈbɛlaʁʊs/
Belarus
amtlich, zwischenstaatlicher Schriftverkehr: Binnenstaat in Osteuropa
From Deutsch-język polski FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:deu-pol ]
Belarus /beːlaˈʁʊs/ /bi̯ɛlaˈʁʊs/ /bɛlaˈʁʊs/ /ˈbeːlaʁʊs/ /ˈbi̯ɛlaʁʊs/ /ˈbɛlaʁʊs/
Białoruś
amtlich, zwischenstaatlicher Schriftverkehr: Binnenstaat in Osteuropa
From Deutsch-Русский FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:deu-rus ]
Belarus /beːlaˈʁʊs/ /bi̯ɛlaˈʁʊs/ /bɛlaˈʁʊs/ /ˈbeːlaʁʊs/ /ˈbi̯ɛlaʁʊs/ /ˈbɛlaʁʊs/
Беларусь
amtlich, zwischenstaatlicher Schriftverkehr: Binnenstaat in Osteuropa
From Deutsch-español FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:deu-spa ]
Belarus /beːlaˈʁʊs/ /bi̯ɛlaˈʁʊs/ /bɛlaˈʁʊs/ /ˈbeːlaʁʊs/ /ˈbi̯ɛlaʁʊs/ /ˈbɛlaʁʊs/
Bielorrusia
amtlich, zwischenstaatlicher Schriftverkehr: Binnenstaat in Osteuropa
From Deutsch-Svenska FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:deu-swe ]
Belarus /beːlaˈʁʊs/ /bi̯ɛlaˈʁʊs/ /bɛlaˈʁʊs/ /ˈbeːlaʁʊs/ /ˈbi̯ɛlaʁʊs/ /ˈbɛlaʁʊs/
Vitryssland, Belarus
amtlich, zwischenstaatlicher Schriftverkehr: Binnenstaat in Osteuropa
From English-Arabic FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.6.3 : [ freedict:eng-ara ]
Belarus /bˌɛləɹˈuːs/
روسيا البيضاء
From English-български език FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-bul ]
Belarus //ˈbɛ.lɑ.ɹus// //ˈbɛləɹuːs// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹus// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹuːs//
Белару́с, Белору́сия, Беларус
country
From English-Czech dicts.info/FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.1.3 : [ freedict:eng-ces ]
Belarus /bˌɛləɹˈuːs/
[zem] Bělorusko
From English - German Ding/FreeDict dictionary ver. 1.9-fd1 : [ freedict:eng-deu ]
Belarus /bˌɛləɹˈuːs/
Belarus, Belorussland, Weißrussland, Belorußland [alt] , Weißrußland [alt] [geogr.] BY, /bˈaɪ/
From English-suomi FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-fin ]
Belarus //ˈbɛ.lɑ.ɹus// //ˈbɛləɹuːs// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹus// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹuːs//
Valko-Venäjä
country
From English-Croatian FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.2.2 : [ freedict:eng-hrv ]
Belarus /bˌɛləɹˈuːs/
Bjelarus
From English-Bahasa Indonesia FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-ind ]
Belarus //ˈbɛ.lɑ.ɹus// //ˈbɛləɹuːs// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹus// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹuːs//
Belarus, Belarusia
country
From English-日本語 (にほんご) FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-jpn ]
Belarus //ˈbɛ.lɑ.ɹus// //ˈbɛləɹuːs// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹus// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹuːs//
ベラルーシ, ベロルシア
country
From English-Norsk FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-nor ]
Belarus //ˈbɛ.lɑ.ɹus// //ˈbɛləɹuːs// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹus// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹuːs//
Hviterussland, Kviterussland
country
From English - Polish Piotrowski+Saloni/FreeDict dictionary ver. 0.2 : [ freedict:eng-pol ]
Belarus /ˈbelərʊs/
Białoruś
From English-Svenska FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:eng-swe ]
Belarus //ˈbɛ.lɑ.ɹus// //ˈbɛləɹuːs// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹus// //ˌbɛ.ləˈɹuːs//
Vitryssland, Belarus
country
From Nederlands-Bahasa Indonesia FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2022.04.06 : [ freedict:nld-ind ]
Belarus /bəlˈaːrɵs/
Belarus
1. officiële naam van het land in Oost-Europa dat vaak Wit-Rusland wordt genoemd.
From Nederlands-italiano FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2018.09.13 : [ freedict:nld-ita ]
Belarus /bəlˈaːrɵs/
[1. officiële naam van het land in Oost-Europa dat vaak Wit-Rusland wordt genoemd.] Bielorussia
From Nederlands-lietuvių kalba FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2020.10.04 : [ freedict:nld-lit ]
Belarus /bəlˈaːrɵs/
Baltarusija, Gudija
1. officiële naam van het land in Oost-Europa dat vaak Wit-Rusland wordt genoemd.
From Svenska-български език FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-bul ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Белару́с
From Svenska-Deutsch FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-deu ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Weißrussland
From Svenska-ελληνικά FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-ell ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Λευκορωσία
From Svenska-suomi FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-fin ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Valko-Venäjä
From Svenska-français FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-fra ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Biélorussie
From Svenska-日本語 (にほんご) FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-jpn ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
ベラルーシ
From Svenska-latine FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-lat ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Belorussia
From Svenska-Norsk FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-nor ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Belarus, Hviterussland
From Svenska-język polski FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-pol ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Białoruś
From Svenska-português FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-por ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Bielorrússia
From Svenska-Русский FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-rus ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Беларусь, Белоруссия
From Svenska-español FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-spa ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Bielorrusia, Belarús
From Svenska-Türkçe FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2023.05.29 : [ freedict:swe-tur ]
Belarus /bəlˈɑːrʉs/
Beyaz Rusya
From IPA:en_US : [ IPA:en_US ]
/bɛˈɫɑɹəs/
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